In a text remained unpublished until 2002 (and now published in a book of Augustus Scocchera, The method of the child and the formation of man, published by Opera Nazionale Montessori), Maria Montessori writes: “The child makes progress: this is the truth! And as when, invisible, hidden in the womb, comes to earth with a force that no one can hold, so child progresses and born in suffering humanity. Well, we must help this birth, which must ensure the survival and renewal of civilization [...]. We must create the Child Party with coordination of science and education”. This number wants to reflect on the Montessori suggestions for analyze the social, political and educational childhood, because children are still innocent victims of ethnic, political, economic and social conflicts. The basics of Maria Montessori pedagogy – freedom, independence, peace, democracy, equality – can be reread and reinterpreted to propose new ideas, to rethink humanity from childhood.